基于Voronoi图的居民点空间分布特征研究——以甘肃省为例

采用GIS查询统计与Voronoi图CV值相结合的分析方法,通过计算点状目标的Voronoi多边形面积的变异系数(CV值)方法来分析点状目标的空间分布特征。分析结果表明,甘肃省有9个市、县为随机分布,其余市、县为集群分布,但总体上为集群分布。最近邻指数和CV值通过级差变换后,发现其存在相关性,相关系数为负值,表明两者之间存在负相关关系。     

PROBLEMS IN WEIGHTING OF HYETOGRAPHS1

ABSTRACT: It was found that the conventional weighting factor application to hyetograph ordinates results in artificially attenuated storm patterns. A modified weighting procedure is suggested which allows adjustments in the storm timing, peak intensity, and volume but conserves the storm pattern observed at the raingage nearest to the watershed point of interest. The systematic underestimation of peak flood flows, which result from conventional hyetograph weighting, can be avoided by conserving the hyetograph shape from the raingage nearest to any subarea of a modeled watershed and merely applying weighting factors to the rainfall volumes and temporal center of gravity of several hyetographs.     

Scale invariant measures of pattern intensity and grain: A simulation experiment

We propose new dimensionless and scale-invariant measures for detection of pattern intensity, defined as the level of aggregation of individuals regardless their kind, and pattern grain, the level of segregation among individuals of at least two different kinds in point-pattern spatial data using tessellation methodology. Both real and simulated data on spatial distribution of plants in ecological communities show that the proposed parameters can be considered fingerprints of particular point patterns. This approach allows definition of both pattern intensity and grain for any kind of tessellated plane in an operational way, rendering these available for quantification and testing.     

基于泰森多边形的事故多发点识别方法*

为解决传统的热点分析方法无法识别相对独立的事故多发点,且识别结果受极值影响较大的问题,提出1种基于泰森多边形的事故多发点识别方法,基于2018年江苏省盐城市交通事故数据,用泰森多边形划分空间统计单元,依据单元面积和其内部事故数量的比值识别事故多发点,补充相对独立的事故多发区域,并用缓冲区修正多边形的形状。研究结果表明:此方法识别结果能有效避免极值的影响,能更准确地识别出事故多发点,更有效地为道路交通安全管理提供依据。     

长江口-杭州湾生态环境监测点位优化布设及水质分析

河口海湾位于陆海交错带,受径潮流作用的双重影响,具有物质输运格局复杂、生态环境变化梯度大等特点。生态环境监测点位布设与优化是科学、客观评估河口海湾生态环境状况的前提。采用空间平衡抽样法开展监测点位增设和优化方案研究,将2020年5月上海市海洋环境趋势性监测布设的142个监测点位,增设至200个,并进一步优化至170个,对优化前后的点位数据进行显著性检验、方差分析和空间自相关分析。结果显示:2组数据之间无显著性差异,并且优化后点位的方差和空间自相关值更小,说明空间平衡抽样法适用于河口海湾生态环境监测点位布设和优化,点位布设和优化结果可客观反映河口海湾的生态环境状况。随后,采用泰森多边形法确定了优化所得的170个离散点位的海域代表面积,克服现有空间插值法的缺陷,为河口海湾生态环境总体状况评价提供技术参考。